Wednesday, October 22, 2008

The Electoral College Map (10/22/08)

Lots to look at today. There were 22 new polls out on Tuesday in 17 states, but what was different between the Tuesday polls and those that preceded them on Monday was that we got a broader sample of types of states on Tuesday. So, we got polls from Florida and North Carolina and Colorado, but there were also polls from Illinois and South Dakota and South Carolina. In the case of the latter group, we get a chance to see whether there was any continued post-Lehman movement in the polls in strong states or whether they held pat.

New Polls (Oct. 21)
StatePollMargin
Alaska
Moore
+11
Colorado
Insider Advantage
+5
Florida
Public Policy Polling
+1
Illinois
Chicago Tribune
+24
Indiana
Public Policy Polling
+2
Kentucky
Survey USA
+13
Maine
Survey USA
+15
Nevada
Insider Advantage
0
New Jersey
Monmouth
+17
New Jersey
Quinnipiac
+23
North Carolina
Civitas
+3
North Carolina
Survey USA
0
North Carolina
Insider Advantage
+1
Oklahoma
Survey USA
+24
Oklahoma
TvPoll
+31.3
Pennsylvania
Muhlenberg College
+10
South Carolina
Rasmussen
+11
South Dakota
Mason-Dixon
+7
Vermont
Macro International
+22
West Virginia
Rasmussen
+9
Wyoming
Survey USA
+21
Wyoming
Mason-Dixon
+26

The Moore poll in Alaska is interesting. The tables there tell the tale. Since the Palin selection, McCain's numbers in the Last Frontier have remained virtually unchanged, but there has been a drop in the undecideds total and it is all going to Obama. That isn't enough to put Obama over the top there, but it is an interesting development in light of the state's popular governor being on the GOP ticket. Red state margins were down in South Carolina and South Dakota as well. The effect is more pronounced in South Dakota, where the Mount Rushmore state appears to be following its northern neighbor in the polls. But as was the case with our discussion of Virginia and North Carolina the other day, the starting position for both Dakotas was different. There have been more hints of competitiveness in North Dakota than in South Dakota, but neither would be especially close if the election were held today (...and assuming these averages are accurate). Both would be closer than they have been in quite a while but not close enough for the Democrats.

Changes (Oct. 21)
StateBeforeAfter
Indiana
McCain lean
Toss Up McCain

But what about the toss up states? Well, that group adds one more today. Indiana, after moving into the McCain lean category following the lowering of the lean/toss up threshold last week, is now back in the toss up category. The Public Policy Polling survey of the Hoosier state showed Obama with a slight lead there and pulled Indiana off the line between the two categories and into toss up status. Indiana, like Missouri, is much more likely to move more based on new polling. The two of those states have far fewer polls than is the case in North Carolina. If, then, those +2 margins were to continue for Obama in Indiana, that one could close pretty quickly. However, is that more a typical narrowing effect or a complete switch-over? Given that Obama is ahead -- and yes it is in just one poll -- that indicates the latter. As always, though, we'll need more data from the Hoosier state to tell for sure.

[Click Map to Enlarge]

McCain, then, loses 11 electoral votes from his "safer" total (strong plus lean states) and is now over 100 electoral votes down in the comparison of his total (163) to Obama's (273). Overall though, the projection still stands at 338-200 in favor of the Illinois senator. The GOP has argued that the CNN reports that the McCain campaign was pulling out of Colorado, Iowa and New Mexico were false, but all three continue to be uphill climbs for the McCain campaign. If those three are out of the mix then the Arizona senator either has to sweep FHQ's toss up states or pick up any combination of them that along with Pennsylvania would push McCain over 270 electoral votes. Pulling out of Iowa and New Mexico may be wise, as those resources could be used in other areas, but Colorado seems to be an odd choice to back out on -- or even quietly talk about. Seth Masket over at Enik Rising is in Colorado and has a different take on the GOP's potential intent.

The Electoral College Spectrum*
HI-4
(7)**
ME-4
(157)
NH-4
(264/278)
WV-5
(160)
LA-9
(67)
VT-3
(10)
NJ-15
(172)
CO-9***
(273/274)
MT-3
(155)
KY-8
(58)
RI-4
(14)
OR-7
(179)
VA-13
(286/265)
GA-15
(152)
KS-6
(50)
MA-12
(26)
WA-11
(190)
NV-5
(291/252)
SD-3
(137)
TN-11
(44)
MD-10
(36)
IA-7
(197)
OH-20
(311/247)
MS-6
(134)
NE-5
(33)
IL-21
(57)
MN-10
(207)
FL-27
(338/227)
TX-34
(128)
AL-9
(28)
NY-31
(88)
WI-10
(217)
MO-11
(349/200)
AR-6
(94)
WY-3
(19)
DE-3
(91)
PA-21
(238)
NC-15
(364/189)
AK-3
(88)
ID-4
(16)
CT-7
(98)
NM-5
(243)
IN-11
(375/174)
SC-8
(85)
OK-7
(12)
CA-55
(153)
MI-17
(260)
ND-3
(163)
AZ-10
(77)
UT-5
(5)
*Follow the link for a detailed explanation on how to read the Electoral College Spectrum.
**The numbers in the parentheses refer to the number of electoral votes a candidate would have if he won all the states ranked prior to that state. If, for example, McCain won all the states up to and including Colorado (all Obama's toss up states plus Colorado), he would have 274 electoral votes. Both candidates numbers are only totaled through their rival's toss up states. In those cases, Obama's number is on the left and McCain's is on the right in italics.

***
Colorado is the state where Obama crosses (or McCain would cross) the 270 electoral vote threshold to win the presidential election. That line is referred to as the victory line. It is currently favoring Obama, thus the blue text in that cell.

Regardless, Colorado appears to be a vital piece to any combination of states that would get McCain an electoral college victory. We haven't discussed Colorado's position as the victory line in a while since the playing field shifted right, giving Obama the Virginia/Nevada/Ohio/Florida cushion, but the Centennial state still holds that distinction. If McCain can sweep the toss up states, he'd still need Colorado to get over the hump. With less than two weeks left in the race though, the options are growing fewer in number and the chances slim. As I argued a week ago when the category thresholds were lowered, three points is a lot to make up over the last two weeks and McCain would have to make up that much ground and more in states like Colorado or Pennsylvania to make the math work to his advantage in the electoral college.

The Watch List*
StateSwitch
Coloradofrom Obama lean
to Toss Up Obama
Floridafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Indianafrom Toss Up McCain
to McCain lean
Minnesotafrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
Missourifrom Toss Up McCain
to Toss Up Obama
Nevadafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
New Mexicofrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
Ohiofrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Pennsylvaniafrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
Virginiafrom Toss Up Obama
to Obama lean
Wisconsinfrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
*Weighted Average within a fraction of a point of changing categories.

[On the Watch List, the standard line applies. Florida, Missouri, Nevada and Ohio are still the states to watch most closely when new polls are released. But as you may or may not have noticed, North Carolina is now off the list. The Tar Heel state continues to draw closer and is now far enough into the McCain toss up category that it is no longer imminently vulnerable to a switch into the McCain lean category.]

Now, there could be a Bradley/Wilder effect at work as well, and I'll look at some scenarios later on this afternoon, where that could make a difference in this race. Under what circumstances and to what effect does that phenonmenon bring McCain back into the race in some states and make the race more competitive?


Recent Posts:
Map Update Coming...

The Electoral College Map (10/21/08)

Early Voting in Forsyth County, GA: Technology at Work

Map Update Coming...

I was swamped yesterday, and that's why the map is a little late this morning. You know I must have been busy if the map wasn't updated. Ah, academia.

Anyway, after getting everyone's hopes up heading into last weekend about a post on the Bradley/Wilder effect, I'm actually going to have time to get that up today. Both of my classes got a test run this morning, but I have one more spin to put on it (...along with some graphics) after the map update.


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Early Voting in Forsyth County, GA: Technology at Work

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Monday, October 20, 2008

The Electoral College Map (10/21/08)

Monday ushered in the new week with 16 new polls in 12 states, most of them battlegrounds. What was clear about the polls that were released on Monday was that there is no uniform distribution of the national polling trends to the state level. North Carolina and Virginia both handed Obama two polls with margins right on or well outside the margin of error. That runs contrary to what the national polls are showing currently. Conversely though, that trend did not extend to Missouri and Ohio, where the two polls (one from Rasmussen and one from Suffolk in each) canceled each other out as far as which candidate was favored. Simply averaging the polls of the day would give Obama an edge of 3.5 points in Ohio and 2 points in Missouri, though.

New Polls (Oct. 20)
StatePollMargin
Colorado
Rasmussen
+5
Florida
Rasmussen
+1
Georgia
Democracy Corp
+2
Minnesota
Survey USA
+6
Missouri
Suffolk
+1
Missouri
Rasmussen
+5
New Hampshire
Research 2000
+7
North Carolina
Public Policy Polling
+7
North Carolina
Rasmussen
+3
Ohio
Suffolk
+9
Ohio
Rasmussen
+2
Oregon
Grove+13
Pennsylvania
Susquehanna
+8
Virginia
Rasmussen
+10
Virginia
Survey USA
+6
Wisconsin
Survey USA
+8

Where there is evidence that the national polling trends are playing out in the states is in Colorado, Florida, Minnesota and New Hampshire. Or is there evidence? In the case of Colorado, Rasmussen's 5 point Obama margin in the state is down from the two previous Rasumussen polls of the state but only by a point or two. In the context of recent polling in the Centennial state, that margin is rather closer to the mid- to upper single digit spreads that have been found between the two major candidates there.

Florida may actually be a case where the national trend is at work. Since the last Rasmussen poll of the Sunshine state, Obama's 5 point margin a week ago has turned into a slight McCain lead today. Both this current Rasmussen poll and the Survey USA poll also showing a McCain lead represent the first such polls since late September. The Sunshine state has not been like Ohio where Obama leads have been the most common result of late, but where McCain leads pop up intermittently. These two polls are the first McCain advantages in the state after a two week string of pro-Obama polling in the state.

The 6 point margin favoring Obama in Minnesota makes the North Star state look tighter until you consider the source. Survey USA's surveys of Minnesota have been all over the place during this cycle and this poll is no different. Sure, the margin looks a lot closer than some of the other recent polls, but it is a seven point improvement over the last Survey USA poll of the state at the beginning of October.

Finally, New Hampshire, too, may provide evidence of a McCain resurgence. Maybe, maybe not. Following the Lehman collapse, the Granite state jumped toward Obama, turning in a trio of double digit margins for the Illinois senator. But after that initial shock to the system, it appears as if New Hampshire has settled into a range in the upper single digits for Obama and that is still running above where FHQ's weighted average has the state.

[Click Map to Enlarge]

Is the race moving back toward McCain, though? If you cherrypick results, then yeah, you can come to that conclusion, but other than in Florida -- and those 27 electoral votes are awfully important to any tenuous chance the Arizona senator has at victory -- there just isn't any real evidence to back that up when a big picture approach is taken. That's doubly true when a state like Georgia is suddenly within a couple of points again. But I'm cherrypicking results there, aren't I? The Peach state is moving toward the McCain lean category, but is still firmly within the strong area for McCain at the moment.

The Electoral College Spectrum*
HI-4
(7)**
ME-4
(157)
NH-4
(264/278)
WV-5
(160)
LA-9
(67)
VT-3
(10)
OR-7
(164)
CO-9***
(273/274)
MT-3
(155)
KY-8
(58)
RI-4
(14)
WA-11
(175)
VA-13
(286/265)
GA-15
(152)
KS-6
(50)
MA-12
(26)
IA-7
(182)
NV-5
(291/252)
MS-6
(137)
TN-11
(44)
MD-10
(36)
NJ-15
(197)
OH-20
(311/247)
TX-34
(131)
NE-5
(33)
NY-31
(67)
MN-10
(207)
FL-27
(338/227)
AR-6
(97)
AL-9
(28)
DE-3
(70)
WI-10
(217)
MO-11
(349/200)
AK-3
(91)
WY-3
(19)
CT-7
(77)
PA-21
(238)
NC-15
(364/189)
SC-8
(88)
ID-4
(16)
IL-21
(98)
NM-5
(243)
IN-11
(174)
AZ-10
(80)
OK-7
(12)
CA-55
(153)
MI-17
(260)
ND-3
(163)
SD-3
(70)
UT-5
(5)
*Follow the link for a detailed explanation on how to read the Electoral College Spectrum.
**The numbers in the parentheses refer to the number of electoral votes a candidate would have if he won all the states ranked prior to that state. If, for example, McCain won all the states up to and including Colorado (all Obama's toss up states plus Colorado), he would have 274 electoral votes. Both candidates numbers are only totaled through their rival's toss up states. In those cases, Obama's number is on the left and McCain's is on the right in italics.

***
Colorado is the state where Obama crosses (or McCain would cross) the 270 electoral vote threshold to win the presidential election. That line is referred to as the victory line. It is currently favoring Obama, thus the blue text in that cell.

That said, the map is unchanged since a day ago, though Obama's advantage in Florida is very slim at this point. Still, the Illinois senator maintains a 338-200 electoral vote advantage over McCain. And while Florida's electoral votes are hugely important to McCain's fortunes, they don't mean a whole lot if the Sunshine state is the only blue state the Arizona senator is able to swing back into his column. It would lessen the blow, but certainly wouldn't altogether prevent it.

The Watch List*
StateSwitch
Coloradofrom Obama lean
to Toss Up Obama
Floridafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Indianafrom McCain lean
to Toss Up McCain
Minnesotafrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
Missourifrom Toss Up McCain
to Toss Up Obama
Nevadafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
New Mexicofrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
North Carolinafrom Toss Up McCain
to McCain lean
Ohiofrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Pennsylvaniafrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
Virginiafrom Toss Up Obama
to Obama lean
Wisconsinfrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
*Weighted Average within a fraction of a point of changing categories.

What's all the more damaging is that Virginia is also vitally important to McCain, but it has now moved to the brink of joining the Obama lean states. The Old Dominion is now within a point of reaching that mark. If the polls continue coming in the way they did today, then Virginia will be there sooner rather than later. Oppositely, North Carolina's position on the Watch List is now very tenuous indeed. The Tar Heel state is literally a couple one-thousandths of a point from moving into the middle ground of the McCain lean category. We had a detail discussion about North Carolina yesterday, so FHQ's feeligs are pretty well-known when it comes to the Old North State.

Finally, all eyes are now on Pennsylvania. Now that it looks like Colorado will join Michigan (and to a lesser extent Wisconsin after the RNC pulled ads there), Pennsylvania is now the last best hope McCain has. As I said when Jack linked this in the comment last night, I'd really like to see the McCain campaign's internal polling of Colorado and Pennsylvania. It really is a curious decision. Our rankings are not the gospel, but there is a pretty big gap between where both Colorado and Pennsylvania are in terms of their averages. And Pennsylvania is not the closer one of the two. The Susquehanna poll was the first single digit Obama lead in a while and the Muhlenberg tracking poll margin has closed by a fraction, but Obama is near or above the 50% mark in both. However, he does appear to have reached his ceiling to some extent. The Muhlenberg polls show Obama plateauing while McCain has been on the rise since bottoming out the day after the final debate last week. But to swing Pennsylvania, McCain still has a lot of work to do.

UPDATE: The links to the Rasmussen polls have now been fixed.


Recent Posts:
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Early Voting in Forsyth County, GA: Technology at Work

Why call ahead to see if there's a line to vote early when you can simply point and click? Welcome to the internet age of ETV: estimated time of voting.

And, hey Rob, right in your backyard! Or not, unless you have a really big backyard.

H/t: Elections Update for the link.


Recent Posts:
What About North Carolina? Can Obama Swing the Tar Heel State?

The Electoral College Map (10/20/08)

The Electoral College Map (10/19/08)

What About North Carolina? Can Obama Swing the Tar Heel State?

Yeah, what about North Carolina? Recently, FHQ has begun discussing the toss up states on our Watch List in terms of "magic numbers." Basically, this asks what it would take from the very next poll released from a state to force that state across, in this case, the partisan line. So, what is the Tar Heel state's magic number? This came up in the comments, and my response ended up being too long not to simply just create a new post.

----

Part of the reason FHQ shifted from a simple weighted average to a graduated weighted average (one that progressively discounts polls based on when they were in the field) is that states like Minnesota and North Carolina were unresponsive to a series of new polls that ran counter to where our averages had each state.

Some of that unresponsiveness was remedied with the methodological change, but did not move either state as much as some would have liked. The bubble seems to have burst in Minnesota for McCain, so the North Star state has worked its way back to essentially where it was prior to the conventions -- a strong Obama state (Sure, some of that has to do with the threshold being dropped.).

North Carolina, though, is a bit different. In the Tar Heel state we have witnessed a string of polls that have shown Obama ahead by margins up to 6 points with just a few pro-McCain polls peppered in. Yet, it is still seemingly stuck in the McCain toss up category. Much of this has to do with the amount of information we have in North Carolina. Even with the older polls discounted, there is an awful lot of McCain support inherent in the average. In other words, there are a lot of McCain polls for this recent series of Obama polls to overcome. The Tar Heel state has had around 50 polls conducted this year and none of them (other than the Zogby internet polls) favored Obama until after the Lehman collapse. That's a lot of McCain support in the average.

As far as a magic number is concerned, North Carolina is a lot like Ohio: it is going to take a lot to move things just a little. For the next poll to push North Carolina into the blue, it would have to give Obama a margin of 45 points. That's just not going to happen. But we may continue to see numbers come in under the current average of 2.4 (for McCain) that continue to chip away at that margin. In fact, I think that is likely. Between now and election day, we are likely to see polls that are in the +/-3 point range with some outliers thrown in.

Just for the heck of it let's do an exercise here. What if we lopped off all the polls conducted before Obama clinched the Democratic nomination; everything from June 3 on (FHQ has done something similar before.)? How would that affect things? Once we reweight the polls based on a lower number of days in the period examined, we find that Obama gains, but that McCain's lead shrinks to only 1.7 points (down from 2.4). What is North Carolina's magic number then? Not surprisingly, it drops, but not to anymore manageable a level. It would still require a poll with Obama ahead by 25 points to turn North Carolina blue. Obviously, the the number of pro-Obama polls it would take to successfully chip away at that average and turn it blue would be far fewer in this instance.

This is in line with my thinking about North Carolina. I'm a native Tar Heel and though I'm not there now, I still have family ties to the state. My sense is that North Carolina is a "close but not quite" state for Obama. Sure, I've been out of the state for a while, but North Carolina still feels (And yes, that certainly strays from the black and white we get from the numbers typically leaned on here at FHQ.) like a state that is a continued demographic shift away from becoming less reliably Republican -- at the presidential level -- and more reliably competitive. It speaks to the Democratic tilt of this election that North Carolina is talked about in the same breath with the Ohios and Floridas on the map.

UPDATE: Our discussion has extended beyond North Carolina in the comments to encompass a discussion of much of the South. Scott has taken the Census data on the African American percentage of the population and regressed that on Obama's support among whites in these states. A simple bivariate regression with some rather interesting results.

Here are the states Scott looked at (all have at one point or another shown John McCain and Barack Obama within single digits of each other):

Virginia: 39% (20%)
North Carolina: 38% (22%)
Georgia: 28% (30%)
South Carolina: 25% (29%)
Louisiana: 18% (32%)
Mississippi: 16% (37%)

Below is the plot of that relationship; one that shows a rather high correlation between the two variables. The data above are rank ordered based on the dependent variable (Obama's white support) and are displayed as such below.

Obama's White Support as a Function of the Percentage African American
[Click Graphic to Enlarge]

A big tip of the cap to SarahLawrenceScott for a nice addition to our discussion. Kudos!


Recent Posts:
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The Electoral College Map (10/19/08)

The Electoral College Map (10/18/08)

Sunday, October 19, 2008

The Electoral College Map (10/20/08)

After Saturday's [eventual] update, the comments turned into a wish list of which states should be polled that had not been polled in a while [or every much recently]. Most of that wish list was comprised of states from two basic categories: 1) Blue states that had either polled really closely following convention season but has not really been revisited since or 2) Red states with neighbors that had had tight polling margins but lack of survey work being conducted within their borders. There's one from each category among the nine polls from seven different states. Maine represents the first group while Montana meets the description of the second.

The Pine Tree state had been polling in the low to mid-teens in favor of Obama for much of the summer. But since that time, Maine has drawn closer after a series of polls that came out immediately after the conventions and extended past the bounce period. Only time and more polling will tell us whether this new poll is an outlier or not.

In Montana, there has just been a drop off in polling; not that there was ever a flurry of them from the Treasure state. But after the Palin selection and the conventions, both Montana and North Dakota seemed to jump toward McCain and that appeared to have held up around and after the Lehman collapse triggered the financial sector's problems (the latest round of them at least). But within the last week a few polls from North Dakota have had us all rethinking how well those two states would fall in line with the McCain-Palin ticket. The answer looks to be not as well as originally thought perhaps. Sure this is just one poll, but Montana is essentially back where it was prior to convention season: close, but likely out of Obama's grasp. [Yes, 2008 is the never say never election, but I'll stick by that choice of phrasing until we get some more evidence.] The real news is that the Treasure state is not necessarily a complete write-off for Obama at this point. But it could be a temporary jump as was the case in...

New Polls (Oct. 19)
StatePollMargin
Kentucky
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+14
Maine
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+15
Minnesota
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+13
Minnesota
Star Tribune
+11
Montana
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+4
Ohio
Mason-Dixon/NBC
+1
West Virginia
Mason-Dixon/NBC
+6
West Virginia
Public Policy Polling
+8
Wisconsin
Mason-Dixon/NBC
+12

...West Virginia. The Mountain state drew considerably closer within the last week, but on the strength of a couple of polls out today, moves back into the McCain lean category after a short stint as a toss up. That Obama +8 margin in the ARG poll last week, shook things up some, but West Virginia has worked its way out of the mix for the time being. It is certainly closer than has been in the last two presidential cycles, but like Montana, West Virginia just feels like another one of close but not quite states for the Illinois senator.

Changes (Oct. 19)
StateBeforeAfter
West Virginia
Toss Up McCain
McCain lean

As we said earlier today, the Powell endorsement and the September fund-raising total for Obama made this a difficult news day for John McCain. It did help that there was some added daylight in West Virginia, but that was cancelled out by the shrinking lead in Montana. There was a solid poll out of Kentucky, but that was cancelled out by the continued double digit Obama leads in Minnesota and Wisconsin. And what does that leave the Arizona senator? Well, there is that one point lead in Ohio. Sadly though, McCain has averaged one or two leads a week among all the polls that are conducted in the Buckeye state and, typically, they are one or two point edges. Meanwhile, Obama has had results ranging from a tie to six points. Ohio is still very close, but it favors Obama ever so slightly all the same. An already poor news day (and one leading into the new week) was not helped especially much by the polling that was released.

[Click Map to Enlarge]

And though, West Virginia's five electoral votes shifted toward safer McCain territory, the underlying electoral vote distribution remained the same, 338-200 for Obama. What West Virginia's exit does, though, is to trim the list of toss up states by one more state. The toss ups now number just six with just 91 electoral votes at stake. Obama has the advantage in four of those six states and has the polls trending in his direction in the remaining two. Now, it is true that the national polls have seemingly peaked for Obama, and this week will be about determining whether the state polls will follow, and if so, by how much? In the end, even if McCain was able to sweep the toss up states, he would still come up short in his bid for the White House.

The Electoral College Spectrum*
HI-4
(7)**
ME-4
(157)
NH-4
(264/278)
WV-5
(160)
LA-9
(67)
VT-3
(10)
WA-11
(168)
CO-9***
(273/274)
MT-3
(155)
KY-8
(58)
RI-4
(14)
OR-7
(175)
VA-13
(286/265)
GA-15
(152)
KS-6
(50)
MA-12
(26)
IA-7
(182)
NV-5
(291/252)
MS-6
(137)
TN-11
(44)
MD-10
(36)
NJ-15
(197)
OH-20
(311/247)
TX-34
(131)
NE-5
(33)
NY-31
(67)
MN-10
(207)
FL-27
(338/227)
AR-6
(97)
AL-9
(28)
DE-3
(70)
WI-10
(217)
MO-11
(349/200)
AK-3
(91)
WY-3
(19)
CT-7
(77)
PA-21
(238)
NC-15
(364/189)
SC-8
(88)
ID-4
(16)
IL-21
(98)
NM-5
(243)
IN-11
(174)
AZ-10
(80)
OK-7
(12)
CA-55
(153)
MI-17
(260)
ND-3
(163)
SD-3
(70)
UT-5
(5)
*Follow the link for a detailed explanation on how to read the Electoral College Spectrum.
**The numbers in the parentheses refer to the number of electoral votes a candidate would have if he won all the states ranked prior to that state. If, for example, McCain won all the states up to and including Colorado (all Obama's toss up states plus Colorado), he would have 274 electoral votes. Both candidates numbers are only totaled through their rival's toss up states. In those cases, Obama's number is on the left and McCain's is on the right in italics.

***
Colorado is the state where Obama crosses (or McCain would cross) the 270 electoral vote threshold to win the presidential election. That line is referred to as the victory line. It is currently favoring Obama, thus the blue text in that cell.

The Watch List loses both Montana and West Virginia as both are now wedged in the middle area of the McCain lean category. The focus though centers on the four states we spoke about yesterday. Florida, Missouri, Nevada and Ohio are still the states to watch. All retain the same magic number today with the exception of Ohio -- the only state among that group to be polled today. The Buckeye state would have to hand John McCain a lead of 10 points in the next poll to swing the state in the Arizona senator's direction. That's down a point from a day ago. Missouri is already among the McCain toss ups, so that one is the easiest for the Arizona senator to keep. Florida, however, is his most likely target. It would take a three point lead in the next poll out of Florida to shift the Sunshine state across the partisan line into McCain territory.

The Watch List*
StateSwitch
Coloradofrom Obama lean
to Toss Up Obama
Floridafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Indianafrom McCain lean
to Toss Up McCain
Minnesotafrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
Missourifrom Toss Up McCain
to Toss Up Obama
Nevadafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
New Mexicofrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
North Carolinafrom Toss Up McCain
to McCain lean
Ohiofrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Pennsylvaniafrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
Wisconsinfrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
*Weighted Average within a fraction of a point of changing categories.

One other state to watch is Pennsylvania. The Muhlenberg College tracking poll saw Obama peak last week and is starting to show signs of drawing closer. But the question with the Keystone state, is how much closer. The Illinois senator is already pretty consistently over 50% in most of those polls and if the margin settles in around the 10 point mark, Pennsylvania will sooner rather than later shift into the strong Obama category. If that one goes off McCain's list, the Arizona senator's options will be severely limited.


Recent Posts:
The Electoral College Map (10/19/08)

The Electoral College Map (10/18/08)

Reminder and a Note

The Electoral College Map (10/19/08)

The slow Saturdays continue, but this week's has given way to news-packed Sunday, which from all indications will favor Obama heading into the new week. But Colin Powell endorsements and the revelation that your campaign has raised $150 million during the month of September tend to do that. It isn't as if the McCain campaign didn't try in their own right to create a topic of discussion at the outset of a new news week. Sarah Palin's appearance on Saturday Night Live was pretty funny.

New Polls (Oct. 18)
StatePollMargin
Florida
Hamilton
+4
North Carolina
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+2
Wisconsin
UW-Milwaukee
+15.1

All those links aside, Saturday lacked as far as the number of polls were concerned, but certainly did not lack in impact. The Hamilton poll of Florida showed Obama ahead by four points and that once again shifted Florida to the blue side of the partisan line (see Electoral College Spectrum below). Like Nevada, Ohio and Virginia before it, the Sunshine state took a couple of days to work out the kinks. All four have turned blue recently, but all four took some time to switch over fully, switching, then switching back before turning blue for an extended period of time. Now, it could be that Florida turns pink again and stays there, but if the Sunshine state is like any of its fellow Obama state converts, then it is likely to stay blue for a little while. Yeah, I realize there's only a little while left in the race. That makes this (re-)move even more significant. But Florida is still close and I'll address what McCain will need from the polls in the coming days to pull it back to the Republican side of the partisan line.

Changes (Oct. 18)
StateBeforeAfter
Florida
Toss Up McCain
Toss Up Obama

There were also new polls from North Carolina and Wisconsin. Neither is particularly out of line with other recent polls in the Tar Heel and Badger states. Both, however, are outside of the weighted averages of each here at FHQ. Wisconsin is already in the strong Obama category, having switched due to the fact that the threshold between the strong and lean categories was dropped to seven points just yesterday. But the Badger state's movement further into safety for Obama has continued unabated following the meltdown on Wall Street. The same is true in North Carolina. The starting point is all that differs. Wisconsin has hovered between a lean and a toss up for Obama most of the year and has moved into a stronger position for the Illinois senator. North Carolina has also moved into a stronger position for Obama, but started out as a McCain lean state and has gone back and forth between a lean and a toss up for much of the summer. The polling movement in the Tar Heel state since late September has favored Obama and pulled into a much more competitive status, but it still favors McCain at this point overall.

[Click Map to Enlarge]

With Florida on the blue side of the partisan line again, Obama's advantage in the electoral college is back up to 138 electoral votes. But as was pointed out in yesterday's update, the toss ups on the blue side of the Electoral College Spectrum just serve the purpose of padding the stats so to speak. If Obama wins in his strong and lean states, he will pass 270 electoral votes without needing any of those toss up states, blue or pink. In terms of entering the White House that means that Obama would work closer to mandate-claiming electoral vote margin on election day. But there are still two weeks left in this race. Let us not put the cart before the horse, eh, Democrats.

The Electoral College Spectrum*
HI-4
(7)**
ME-4
(157)
NH-4
(264/278)
ND-3
(158)
LA-9
(67)
VT-3
(10)
WA-11
(168)
CO-9***
(273/274)
MT-3
(155)
KY-8
(58)
RI-4
(14)
OR-7
(175)
VA-13
(286/265)
GA-15
(152)
KS-6
(50)
MA-12
(26)
IA-7
(182)
NV-5
(291/252)
MS-6
(137)
TN-11
(44)
MD-10
(36)
NJ-15
(197)
OH-20
(311/247)
TX-34
(131)
NE-5
(33)
NY-31
(67)
WI-10
(207)
FL-27
(338/227)
AR-6
(97)
AL-9
(28)
DE-3
(70)
MN-10
(217)
MO-11
(349/200)
AK-3
(91)
WY-3
(19)
CT-7
(77)
PA-21
(238)
NC-15
(364/189)
SC-8
(88)
ID-4
(16)
IL-21
(98)
NM-5
(243)
WV-5
(369/174)
AZ-10
(80)
OK-7
(12)
CA-55
(153)
MI-17
(260)
IN-11
(169)
SD-3
(70)
UT-5
(5)
*Follow the link for a detailed explanation on how to read the Electoral College Spectrum.
**The numbers in the parentheses refer to the number of electoral votes a candidate would have if he won all the states ranked prior to that state. If, for example, McCain won all the states up to and including Colorado (all Obama's toss up states plus Colorado), he would have 274 electoral votes. Both candidates numbers are only totaled through their rival's toss up states. In those cases, Obama's number is on the left and McCain's is on the right in italics.

***
Colorado is the state where Obama crosses (or McCain would cross) the 270 electoral vote threshold to win the presidential election. That line is referred to as the victory line. It is currently favoring Obama, thus the blue text in that cell.

And as there are two weeks left, there's still something to talk about strategy-wise. There are two potential dynamics at work here that we likely won't have a firm answer to until (or after) election day. On the one hand, there is no evidence that there is a Bradley effect at play in this race, but we never really find out until the votes are cast. On the other hand, there's the possibility that there is, as the panel on This Week called it this morning, an Obama effect; that there are conservatives who are telling friends and, more importantly, pollsters that they are voting for McCain but will vote for Obama instead. Should it continue to look as if Obama will win as comfortably as it seems he might at this point, those folks may be more inclined to jump on the bandwagon. Again, we won't know that either effect (or a combination of the two) is taking place until after the fact. [Hey, we have to have something to examine after the election, right?] Regardless, Obama's financial situation puts McCain and his campaign at a real disadvantage, causing them to play defense in Bush states instead of competing effectively in states like Michigan or Wisconsin.

The Watch List*
StateSwitch
Coloradofrom Obama lean
to Toss Up Obama
Floridafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Indianafrom McCain lean
to Toss Up McCain
Minnesotafrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
Missourifrom Toss Up McCain
to Toss Up Obama
Montanafrom McCain lean
to Strong McCain
Nevadafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
New Mexicofrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
North Carolinafrom Toss Up McCain
to McCain lean
Ohiofrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Pennsylvaniafrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
West Virginiafrom Toss Up McCain
to McCain lean
Wisconsinfrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
*Weighted Average within a fraction of a point of changing categories.

Turning to the Watch List, Florida, Nevada and Ohio are still the states to watch closely for the time being. Those three along with Missouri (which joined the list yesterday...but was mistakenly omitted) are the states that could cross the partisan line in the event new polling is released. Missouri is a long way off from completely switching over, though. The Show-Me state's magic number is at 14 for Obama. In other words, it would take a poll showing Obama up 14 points to pull the state into the blue. The more likely route is that a series of polls favors Obama between now and election day. The situation in Ohio is similar for McCain. It would take an 11 point margin favoring the Arizona senator to turn the Buckeye state pink. Of course, that is more a function of the number of polls conducted in Ohio over the course of this campaign. The reality is that Ohio is close and has been throughout the process. The magic numbers for McCain in Florida and Nevada are more manageable, but no less difficult for the Arizona senator to overcome down the stretch. In Florida, McCain needs a +3 margin in the next poll to turn the state pink, and in Nevada, the Arizona senator would need a six point margin to accomplish the same.

There is some evidence that the Obama surge has peaked and is receding at the national level. On the state level, the evidence so far is scant, but the state polls tend to run on a lag behind the national polls. This week will be the time to see if that recession spreads to the state polls as well. There are some battleground polls out already today that may shake things up, but we'll have to see their effect a little later.


Recent Posts:
The Electoral College Map (10/18/08)

Reminder and a Note

The Electoral College Map (10/17/08)

Saturday, October 18, 2008

The Electoral College Map (10/18/08)

If Thursday's polls were in friendly territory for Obama, Friday's polls were much more friendly to John McCain than they have been in a while. Well, having polls released from Alaska, Mississippi, Texas and Wyoming never hurts. But it wasn't just ruby red states where the Arizona senator got some favorable polling. For the first time in that last little while there was a poll that showed McCain ahead in Florida. And given that the state had just turned blue here at FHQ, that can never be seen in a poor light. Between that Survey USA poll and the Research 2000 poll that had Obama up four points, the Sunshine state was tipped back into McCain toss up territory, but only just barely. If the McCain-friendly poll proves to be an outlier, then Florida will turn back. As we enter a new week, though, the situation in the Sunshine staet will definitely be something to keep an eye on.

New Polls (Oct. 17)
StatePollMargin
Alaska
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+19
California
Survey USA
+24
Colorado
Rasmussen
+7
Florida
Research 2000
+4
Florida
Survey USA
+2
Georgia
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+6
Mississippi
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+10
Missouri
Rasmussen
+6
Nevada
Rasmussen
+5
North Dakota
Research 2000/Daily Kos
0
Oregon
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+15
Texas
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+12
Wyoming
Research 2000/Daily Kos
+23

And while Friday's polls were more positive for McCain than a set of polling has been for the Arizona senator, it wasn't all good. The spread in Colorado continues to be troubling for the McCain campaign. The Centennial state is the state where McCain would cross over 270 electoral votes if he was able to sweep the toss up states (blue and pink). That may seem a stretch, but without Colorado, such an effort would be all for naught.

The other big news of the day was yet another poll showing a tight race in North Dakota. The state has been sporadically polled this year, but has periodically looked close. Following the Palin selection and the Republican convention it looked as if the door had been closed on North Dakota, especially when the Obama campaign pulled out of the state. But, as has been the case in many states across the country, the economic crisis has seemingly triggered a reevaluation of the race and has brought Obama closer in the process. This has gone beyond outlier status as we now have two polls (Three if you count the union-aligned, Democratic poll that showed Obama up three points.) that show a much more competitive race in North Dakota than just a month ago.

Changes (Oct. 17)
StateBeforeAfter
Colorado*
Toss Up Obama
Obama lean
Florida
Toss Up Obama
Toss Up McCain
Indiana*
Toss Up McCain
McCain lean
Minnesota*
Obama lean
Strong Obama
Wisconsin*
Obama lean
Strong Obama
*Change brought about by shifting of the lean/strong and toss up/lean lines, not new polling.

Florida, though, is not the only change to speak of today. Due to the time crunch in the presidential race, FHQ has once again decided to shift the category-defining thresholds in our graduated weighted averages. It is our feeling that with just more than two weeks remaining in this campaign that three points is the limit to the ground that can be made up (down from four points). For example, during simultaneously occurring debate season and economic situation, Obama essentially gained two points in many of the crucial states. If such high-profile events don't shift the averages anymore than two points, then the closing argument phase will be hard-pressed to match that without intervention from some external event or events. Such a shift isn't impossible, but it is decreasingly likely with each passing day.

The line between the toss up category and the lean category, then, is now at a margin of three points. Similarly, the line between the strong and lean states has been moved down from a nine point margin to seven points. The effect of both shifts is to push Colorado and and Indiana into the Obama lean and McCain lean categories, respectively, and to bring Minnesota and Wisconsin into the strong Obama area.
[Click Map to Enlarge]

What that does is make the map even darker, leaving just a handful of toss up states from Virginia all the way down to West Virginia (see the middle column of the Electoral College Spectrum below) as the remaining seven toss up states. Together they amount to 96 electoral votes. But the Colorado shift into the Obama lean category if rather monumental. With those nine electoral votes added to the two "safer" categories (strong and lean), Obama is now over 270 when the two are combined. Translation: the toss ups are inconsequential if Obama wins his strong and lean states. So despite the fact that Florida turns pink once again and the electoral vote margin shrinks to 311-227, Obama is in a better position with just two weeks left in this race.

The Electoral College Spectrum*
HI-4
(7)**
ME-4
(157)
NH-4
(264/278)
ND-3
(158)
LA-9
(67)
VT-3
(10)
WA-11
(168)
CO-9***
(273/274)
MT-3
(155)
KY-8
(58)
RI-4
(14)
OR-7
(175)
VA-13
(286/265)
GA-15
(152)
KS-6
(50)
MA-12
(26)
IA-7
(182)
NV-5
(291/252)
MS-6
(137)
TN-11
(44)
MD-10
(36)
NJ-15
(197)
OH-20
(311/247)
TX-34
(131)
NE-5
(33)
NY-31
(67)
MN-10
(207)
FL-27
(338/227)
AR-6
(97)
AL-9
(28)
DE-3
(70)
WI-10
(217)
MO-11
(349/200)
AK-3
(91)
WY-3
(19)
CT-7
(77)
PA-21
(238)
NC-15
(364/189)
SC-8
(88)
ID-4
(16)
IL-21
(98)
NM-5
(243)
WV-5
(369/174)
AZ-10
(80)
OK-7
(12)
CA-55
(153)
MI-17
(260)
IN-11
(169)
SD-3
(70)
UT-5
(5)
*Follow the link for a detailed explanation on how to read the Electoral College Spectrum.
**The numbers in the parentheses refer to the number of electoral votes a candidate would have if he won all the states ranked prior to that state. If, for example, McCain won all the states up to and including Colorado (all Obama's toss up states plus Colorado), he would have 274 electoral votes. Both candidates numbers are only totaled through their rival's toss up states. In those cases, Obama's number is on the left and McCain's is on the right in italics.

***
Colorado is the state where Obama crosses (or McCain would cross) the 270 electoral vote threshold to win the presidential election. That line is referred to as the victory line. It is currently favoring Obama, thus the blue text in that cell.

The Electoral College Spectrum doesn't see that many changes to the rankings, but with the threshold shift, the strong Obama states now stretch over halfway down the second column from the left. On the right side, McCain's strong states held steady, not adding any states in the shift.

The Watch List*
StateSwitch
Coloradofrom Obama lean
to Toss Up Obama
Floridafrom Toss Up McCain
to Toss Up Obama
Indianafrom McCain lean
to Toss Up McCain
Minnesotafrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
Missourifrom Toss Up McCain
to Toss Up Obama
Montanafrom McCain lean
to Strong McCain
Nevadafrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
New Mexicofrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
North Carolinafrom Toss Up McCain
to McCain lean
Ohiofrom Toss Up Obama
to Toss Up McCain
Pennsylvaniafrom Obama lean
to Strong Obama
West Virginiafrom Toss Up McCain
to McCain lean
Wisconsinfrom Strong Obama
to Obama lean
*Weighted Average within a fraction of a point of changing categories.

The move of the lines means that the states clustered around them is different as well. Florida, Nevada and Ohio remain -- close to crossing the partisan line over to the opposing side -- but now states like Pennsylvania and New Mexico are close to moving into a safer position for Obama. Indeed, most of the states on the Watch List are now colored in some shade of blue. Montana along with North Carolina and West Virginia are in positions to move into one of the safer categories for McCain. All of those states have been moving toward Obama of late, however. With a new week coming, we'll have to see if the Obama surge has peaked, plateaued or have begun to dissipate, bring the two candidates closer together.

UPDATE: Missouri was mistakenly omitted from the Watch List. The new Rasmussen poll of the Show-Me state pulled Missouri's average under the one percentage point mark.


Recent Posts:
Reminder and a Note

The Electoral College Map (10/17/08)

The Electoral College Map (10/16/08)

Friday, October 17, 2008

Reminder and a Note

For tonight's update, the thresholds between categories will be lowered to reflect the fact that there are just 18 days until the election. In other words, there will likely be some changes to the map that are a function of the switch and not a fundamental shift in FHQ's methodology.

That's the reminder. And the note?

Well, I've been looking at some of the Bradley/Wilder effect data today and will hopefully have a post up concerning that over the weekend. I could probably get that out tonight, but with the switch from the line drop, it may be a bit too much scenario analysis. As such I'll separate the two and get the Bradley/Wilder effect post out later in the weekend. Hopefully I've caught enough people before they've headed out the door for the weekend.

There will be some other changes to the map tonight as well. But I'll make you come back to see those.


Recent Posts:
The Electoral College Map (10/17/08)

The Electoral College Map (10/16/08)

Live Blog and Open Thread: Final Presidential Debate